Effects of nutrient density on growth and carcass traits in fast- and slow-feathering female turkeys

University of Alberta, Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Chickens have been sexed based on feather development at hatching for many years, but the slow-feathering gene has only recently been incorporated into a commercial line of turkeys. Female turkeys of a fast- and a slow-feathering strain were compared with regard to BW, gain, and carcass composition to 29 wk of age. A total of 432 fast-feathering (FF) and 432 slow-feathering (SF) poults were reared to 198 d on a control (CON) or a high-energy, high-protein (HIGH) diet. Data concerning BW and carcass characteristics (thoracic circumference and width, shank, keel, breast muscle, fat pad, and liver), feather scores, and breast muscle morphology were assessed over the course of the trial. Strain did not affect BW of the CON-fed birds until after 112 d, when FF birds were 3.1% heavier than SF birds. From 11 to 112 d, feeding the HIGH diet increased BW of SF birds significantly compared with birds fed the CON diet. From 170 to 198 d, FF birds were approximately 0.8 kg heavier than SF birds. At 42 and 84 d in FF birds, and at 84 d in SF birds, increased diet density increased measures of frame size and decreased liver weight. Breast muscle weight, area, and thickness were greater in SF than in FF birds at 42 and 84 d. Increased nutrient density increased feather score in SF birds at 32 (9.8%) and 56 d (7.1%).

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