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Effect of an Acidifying Diet Combined with Zeolite and Slight Protein Reduction on Air Emissions from Laying Hens of Different Ages

W. Wu-Haan^*, W. J. Powers^*,1, C. R. Angel, C. E. Hale, III and T. J. Applegate

^* Iowa State University, Ames 50011; University of Maryland, College Park 20742; Rose Acres Farms, Seymour, IN 47274; and Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907

¹ Corresponding author: wpowers{at}iastate.edu

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a reduced-emission (RE) diet containing 6.9% of a CaSO₄-zeolite mixture and slightly reduced CP to 21-, 38-, and 59-wk-old Hy-Line W-36 hens (trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) on egg production and emissions of NH₃, H₂S, NO, NO₂, CO₂, CH₄, and non-CH₄ total hydrocarbons as compared with feeding a commercial (CM) diet. At each age, 640 hens were allocated, randomly to 8 environmental chambers for a 3-wk period. On an analyzed basis, the CM diet contained 18.0, 17.0, and 16.2% CP and 0.25, 0.18, and 0.20% S in trials 1, 2, and 3, and the RE diet contained 17.0, 15.5, and 15.6% CP and 0.99, 1.20, and 1.10% S in trials 1, 2, and 3. Diets were formulated to contain similar Ca and P contents. Average daily egg weight (56.3 g), average daily egg production (81%), average daily feed intake (92.4 g), and BW change (23.5 g), across ages, were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05) over the study period. Age effects were observed for all performance variables and NH₃ emissions (P < 0.05). In trials 1, 2, and 3, daily NH₃ emissions from hens fed the RE diets (185.5, 312.2, and 333.5 mg/bird) were less than emissions from hens fed the CM diet (255.1, 560.6, and 616.3 mg/bird; P < 0.01). Daily emissions of H₂S across trials from hens fed the RE diet were 4.08 mg/bird compared with 1.32 mg/bird from hens fed the CM diet (P < 0.01). Diet (P < 0.05) and age (P < 0.05) affected emissions of CO₂ and CH₄. A diet effect (P < 0.01) on NO emissions was observed. No diet or age effects (P > 0.05) were observed for NO₂ or non-CH₄ total hydrocarbons. Results demonstrated that diet and layer age influence air emissions from poultry operations.

Key Words: hen • air emission • diet • ammonia • hydrogen sulfide

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