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Molting in Salmonella Enteritidis-Challenged Laying Hens Fed Alfalfa Crumbles. II. Fermentation and Microbial Ecology Response

K. D. Dunkley^*, J. L. McReynolds^,1, M. E. Hume, C. S. Dunkley^*,2, T. R. Callaway, L. F. Kubena, D. J. Nisbet and S. C. Ricke^*,3

^* Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843; and Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77843

¹ Corresponding author: mcreynolds{at}ffsru.tamu.edu

The objective of this study was to examine microbial population shifts and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) responses in the gastrointestinal tract of Salmonella Enteritidis-challenged molted and nonmolted hens fed different dietary regimens. Fifteen Salmonella-free Single Comb Leghorn hens (>50 wk old) were assigned to 3 treatment groups of 5 birds each based on diet in 2 trials: 100% alfalfa crumbles (ALC), full-fed (FF, nonmolted) 100% commercial layer ration, and feed withdrawal (FW). A forced molt was induced by either a 12-d alfalfa diet or FW. In all treatment groups, each hen was challenged by crop gavage orally 4 d after molt induction with a 1-mL inoculum containing 10⁶ cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis. Fecal and cecal samples (d 4, 6, 8, 11, and necropsy on d 12) were collected postchallenge. Microbial population shifts were evaluated by PCR-based 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and SCFA concentrations were measured. Total SCFA in fecal and cecal contents for FW molted hens were generally lower (P 0.05) in the later stages of the molt period when compared to ALC and FF treatment groups. The overall trend of SCFA in cecal and fecal samples exhibited similar patterns. In trials 1 and 2, hens molted with ALC diet generally yielded more similar amplicon band patterns with the FF hens in both fecal and cecal samples by the end of the molting period than with FW hens. The results of these studies suggest that ALC molted hens supported microflora and fermentation activities, which were more comparable to FF hens than FW hens by the end of the molting period.

Key Words: Salmonella Enteritidis • microbial ecology • alfalfa • molting • denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

² Current address: Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793.

³ Current address: University of Arkansas, Center for Food Safety and Microbiology, IFSE, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. M. Donalson, J. L. McReynolds, W. K. Kim, V. I. Chalova, C. L. Woodward, L. F. Kubena, D. J. Nisbet, and S. C. Ricke The Influence of a Fructooligosaccharide Prebiotic Combined with Alfalfa Molt Diets on the Gastrointestinal Tract Fermentation, Salmonella Enteritidis Infection, and Intestinal Shedding in Laying Hens Poult. Sci., July 1, 2008; 87(7): 1253 - 1262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]