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Cecal Populations of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli Populations After In Vivo Escherichia coli Challenge in Birds Fed Diets with Purified Lignin or Mannanoligosaccharides

B. Baurhoo^*, A. Letellier, X. Zhao^* and C. A. Ruiz-Feria^*,1,2

^* Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Québec, Canada; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6, Québec, Canada

¹ Corresponding author: ciro.ruiz{at}poultry.tamu.edu

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate lignin and mannanoligosaccharides as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Dietary treatments for the 2 studies were 1) negative control (CTL–, antibiotic free); 2) positive control (CTL+, diet 1 + 11 mg of virginiamycin/kg); 3) mannanoligosaccharide (MOS; diet 1 + BioMos: 0.2% to 21 d and 0.1% thereafter); 4) LL (diet 1 + 1.25% Alcell lignin); and 5) HL (diet 1 + 2.5% Alcell lignin). In experiment 1, each treatment was assigned to 4 pen replicates (52 birds each). Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly for 38 d. At 28 and 38 d, cecal contents were assayed for lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Body weight and feed intake did not differ among dietary treatments. At d 38, the lactobacilli population was greatest (P < 0.05) in birds fed MOS, whereas LL-fed birds had greater (P < 0.05) lactobacilli load than those fed CTL+. Bifidobacteria load was greater (P < 0.05) in birds fed MOS or LL compared with those fed CTL+ at both d 28 and 38. However, at d 28 and 38, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria loads were lowest (P < 0.05) in CTL+ or HL-fed birds. In experiment 2, 21-d-old birds from the initial flock were transferred to cages for oral Escherichia coli (O2 and O88 serotypes) challenge (12 birds/treatment). After 3, 6, and 9 d, cecal loads of E. coli were determined. Birds fed HL had a lower E. coli load (P < 0.05) than birds fed CTL– or CTL+ at d 3, and lower than birds fed CTL– at d 6. At d 9, the E. coli load was lower (P < 0.05) in birds fed MOS or HL than in those fed the CTL– or CTL+ diets; LL-fed birds had lower E. coli load than those fed CTL–. Birds fed MOS or LL had a comparative advantage over CTL+ birds in increasing populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and lowering E. coli loads after challenge.

Key Words: antibiotic • mannanoligosaccharides • lignin • food safety • poultry

² Current address: Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.