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Microsatellite Marker Analysis for the Genetic Relationships Among Japanese Long-Tailed Chicken Breeds

R. Tadano^*, M. Sekino, M. Nishibori^* and M. Tsudzuki^*,1

^* Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; and Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan

¹ Corresponding author: tsudzuki{at}hiroshima-u.ac.jp

The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships of 9 native Japanese long-tailed chicken breeds (Shoukoku, Koeyoshi, Kurokashiwa, Minohiki, Ohiki, Onagadori, Satsumadori, Toumaru, and Toutenkou) together with 2 commercial breeds (White Leghorn and White Plymouth Rock), using 40 polymorphic microsatellite markers covering 23 linkage groups. The 8 breeds mentioned, except for Shoukoku and 2 commercial breeds, were believed to be descendants derived from crossings of the ancestor of Shoukoku and some other breeds. Three to 14 alleles per locus were detected across all the breeds. The mean number of alleles per locus, the mean unbiased expected heterozygosity, and the mean polymorphic information content ranged from 2.60 (Minohiki) to 4.07 (Shoukoku), from 0.293 (Koeyoshi) to 0.545 (Satsumadori), and from 0.250 (Koeyoshi) to 0.478 (Satsumadori), respectively. The mean fixation coefficient of subpopulation within the total population of 9 Japanese long-tailed breeds showed that approximately 38% of the genetic variation was caused by breed differences and 62% was due to differences among individuals. Toumaru had the largest number of breed-specific alleles with relatively high (>20%) frequency. In the phylogenetic tree of 11 breeds constructed by the neighbor-joining method from modified Cavalli-Sforza chord genetic distance measure, White Leghorn and White Plymouth Rock clustered together apart from the Japanese breeds. Among the Japanese long-tailed breeds, Toumaru, Kurokashiwa, and Koeyoshi showed relatively far distance from the other breeds. The Ohiki, Onagadori, Shoukoku, and Toutenkou were grouped into the same branch. Minohiki and Satsumadori were also clustered together. Kurokashiwa was not genetically close to Shoukoku, differing from a traditional hypothsis. It was confirmed in the present study that the microsatellite is a suitable tool to evaluate genetic diversity and relationships in chicken breeds.

Key Words: genetic diversity • genetic relationship • Japanese long-tailed chicken breed • microsatellite marker • Shoukoku

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. Tadano, M. Nishibori, N. Nagasaka, and M. Tsudzuki Assessing Genetic Diversity and Population Structure for Commercial Chicken Lines Based on Forty Microsatellite Analyses Poult. Sci., November 1, 2007; 86(11): 2301 - 2308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]