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Effects of Dietary Copper Supplementation and Copper Source on Digesta pH, Calcium, Zinc, and Copper Complex Size in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Broiler Chicken

Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906

¹ Corresponding author: applegt{at}purdue.edu

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of high dietary Cu and Cu source on the pH of digesta from the gizzard, duodenum + jejunum, ileum, and complex size of Ca, Zn, and Cu in the duodenum + jejunum digesta of broiler chickens. Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 32 cages and fed 1 of 4 treatments: control, 250 ppm Cu from sulfate, 250 ppm Cu from lysinate, and 250 ppm tribasic Cu from chloride from 15 to 21 d of age. Copper supplementation and Cu source had no effects on pH of gizzard or duodenum + jejunum contents. Copper supplementation, however, increased the pH of the ileal contents (P < 0.05) but was not affected by Cu source. Neither Cu supplementation nor Cu source had significant effects on the solubility of Ca in the duodenum + jejunum contents, and the portions of Ca existing in different soluble complex sizes: >100,000, 100,000 to 30,000, 30,000 to 5,000, and <5,000 molecular weight (MW) in the duodenum + jejunum digesta. About 80% of soluble Ca, Cu, and Zn was associated with either large complexes (>100,000 MW) or small complexes (<5,000 MW). The solubility of supplemental Cu in digesta was from 59 to 61% (P < 0.05), but solubility was not affected by Cu source. No effects on portions of Cu existing in different sizes of complexes in the supernatant were noted. Copper lysinate decreased the Zn solubility in the digesta (P < 0.05), but Cu sulfate and tribasic Cu chloride supplementation did not. Copper supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of Zn associated with large complexes (>100,000 MW) and decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of Zn associated with small complexes (<5,000 MW; P < 0.05), thereby suggesting an antagonism between Cu and Zn.

Key Words: chicken • copper • intestinal pH • solubility • zinc