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Direct Enhancement of the Phagocytic and Bactericidal Capability of Abdominal Macrophage of Chicks by β-1,3–1,6-Glucan

K.-L. Chen^*, B.-C. Weng, M.-T. Chang^*, Y.-H. Liao^*, T.-T. Chen^* and C. Chu^,1

^* Department of Animal Science, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan

¹ Corresponding author: cschu{at}mail.ncyu.edu.tw

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the major zoonotic and intracellular pathogen. Different strategies have been developed to prevent the S. Enteritidis infection. The β-1,3–1,6-glucan of Schizophyllum commune was used as an immunological booster to determine the minimal dietary level of β-glucan that would restrict S. Enteritidis infection through the effects of β-glucan on the activity of macrophages and direct physical protection of the intestine. One-day-old male Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were used in all trials. In trials 1 and 2, the 0.1% β-1,3–1,6-glucan treatment completely eliminated the viable S. Enteritidis from spleen and liver in an oral challenge of 10⁸ S. Enteritidis without any harmful effect on BW, serum proteins, and immunoglobulin. Instead of a 21-d feeding period of β-glucan, a 14-d treatment was enough to eliminate the S. Enteritidis in spleen and liver. In trial 3, an increase in the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and phytohemagglutinin-P-inducing cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity was observed (P < 0.05). In trials 2, 3, and 4, the direct or indirect effect of β-1,3–1,6-glucan on abdominal macrophages was examined. Sterilized 3% Sephadex G-50 was injected to induce abdominal (peritoneal) phagocytes in chicks fed with or without 0.1% β-1,3–1,6-glucan. Significantly increased phagocytic and bactericidal capability to S. Enteritidis was found in abdominal macrophages either pretreated or in vitro treated with 0.1% β-1,3–1,6-glucan. In conclusion, in addition to the physical properties to block S. Enteritidis entrance, 0.1% dietary β-1,3–1,6-glucan may enhance the host defense to S. Enteritidis by directly upregulating the phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of abdominal macrophages in chicks.

Key Words: chick • β-glucan • macrophage • phagocytosis • Salmonella