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Interaction of Calcium and Phytate in Broiler Diets. 2. Effects on Total and Soluble Phosphorus Excretion¹

A. B. Leytem^*,2, P. W. Plumstead, R. O. Maguire, P. Kwanyuen, J. W. Burton and J. Brake

^* USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341-5076; Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608; Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061; and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, 3271 Ligon Street, Raleigh, NC 27607

² Corresponding author: April.Leytem{at}ars.usda.gov

Dietary Ca has been reported to influence the amount of phytate excreted from broilers and affect the solubility of P in excreta. To address the effects of dietary Ca and phytate on P excretion, 12 dietary treatments were fed to broilers from 16 to 21 d of age. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of phytate P (0.10, 0.24, and 0.28%) and 4 levels of Ca (0.47, 0.70, 0.93, and 1.16%) in a randomized complete block design. Feed phytate concentrations were varied by formulating diets with 3 different soybean meals (SBM): a low-phytate SBM, a commercial SBM, and a high phytate Prolina SBM having phytate P concentrations of 0.15 to 0.51%. Fresh excreta was collected from cages during 2 separate 24-h periods; collection I commenced after the start of dietary treatments (16 to 17 d) and collection II followed a 3-d adaptation period (19 to 20 d). Ileal samples were also collected at 21 d. Excreta samples were analyzed for total P, water soluble P (WSP), and phytate P, whereas ileal samples were analyzed for total P and phytate P. Results indicated that excreta total P could be reduced by up to 63% and WSP by up to 66% with dietary inclusion of low-phytate SBM. There was a significant effect of dietary Ca on both the excreta WSP and the ratio of WSP:total P. As dietary Ca increased, the excreta WSP and WSP:total P decreased, with the effects being more pronounced following a dietary adaptation period. There was a linear relationship between the slope of the response in WSP to dietary Ca and feed phytate content for excreta from collection II (r² = 0.99). There was also a negative correlation between excreta phytate concentration and excreta WSP during both excreta collections. The response in WSP to dietary manipulation was important from an environmental perspective because WSP in excreta has been related to potential for off-site P losses following land application.

Key Words: broiler • soluble phosphorus • excreta • phytate • environment

¹ The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of the products mentioned nor criticism of similar products not mentioned.