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Individual and Combined Effects of Fumonisin B₁ and Moniliformin on Clinicopathological and Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Japanese Quail

D. Sharma^*, R. K. Asrani^*,1, D. R. Ledoux, N. Jindal, G. E. Rottinghaus and V. K. Gupta^*

^* Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur–176062, India; Fusarium/Poultry Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; and Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India

¹ Corresponding author: asranirk{at}gmail.com

A total of 390 one-day-old quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 4 groups (3 replicates per treatment), viz. CX, FX, MX, and FM, containing 75, 105, 105, and 105 birds, respectively. Birds in the control group (CX) were fed quail mash alone, whereas birds in group FX were fed 200 ppm of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) from Fusarium verticillioides culture material; group MX was fed 100 ppm of moniliformin (M) from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material; and group FM was fed a combination of 200 ppm of FB₁ and 100 ppm of M. Diets were fed from d 1 to 35 to study clinical signs, growth response, serum biochemical changes, and cell-mediated immune response. Birds fed FB₁ (FX) showed ruffled feathers and poor growth. Birds in group MX appeared more stunted than those in group FX and exhibited signs of poor feathering and decreased feed and water intake. Clinical signs observed in group FM were more or less similar to those observed in groups FX and MX. Total mortality was 12.38, 7.62, and 20.95% for groups FX, MX, and FM, respectively. Mean BW in groups FX, MX, and FM were significantly lower than those in the control group (CX) at almost all intervals. Total serum proteins, albumin, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase values were higher in all treatment groups compared with the control group. Cell-mediated immune response was more or less comparable in groups CX and MX, whereas the presence of FB₁ in the diet of groups FX and FM was found to be associated with a gradual increase in skin thickness, and the mononuclear inflammatory cell response was poor as compared with groups CX and MX throughout the study. Except for mortality (additive effect) and serum aspartate transaminase values (less than an additive effect up to 14 DPF), no additive or synergistic effects were observed for any of the other response variables measured in the current study, where all statistical differences were attributed to either one mycotoxin or the other.

Key Words: Fusarium verticillioides culture material • Fusarium fujikuroi culture material • fumonisin B₁ • moniliformin • Japanese quail