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Efficacy of Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Containing a Known Level of Curcumin, and a Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate to Ameliorate the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin in Broiler Chicks

N. K. S. Gowda^*, D. R. Ledoux^,1, G. E. Rottinghaus, A. J. Bermudez and Y. C. Chen

^* National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; and Fusarium/Poultry Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211

¹ Corresponding author: LedouxD{at}missouri.edu

A 3-wk feeding study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder (TMP), containing a known level of curcumin, and a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS; Improved Milbond–TX, IMTX, an adsorbent, Milwhite Inc., Houston, TX) to ameliorate the adverse effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in broiler chicks. Four pen replicates of 5 chicks each were assigned to each of 7 dietary treatments, which included the basal diet not containing TMP, HSCAS, or AFB₁ (control); basal diet supplemented with 0.5% food grade TMP that contained 1.48% total curcuminoids (74 mg/kg); basal diet supplemented with 0.5% HSCAS; basal diet supplemented with 1.0 mg/kg AFB₁; basal diet supplemented with 0.5% TMP and 1.0 mg/kg AFB₁; basal diet supplemented with 0.5% HSCAS and 1.0 mg/kgAFB₁; and basal diet supplemented with 0.5% TMP, 0.5% HSCAS, and 1.0 mg/kg AFB₁. The addition of TMP to the AFB₁ diet significantly (P < 0.05) improved the weight gain of chicks, and the addition of HSCAS to the AFB₁ diet significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed intake and weight gain, and reduced relative liver weight. The addition of TMP or HSCAS and TMP with HSCAS ameliorated the adverse effects of AFB₁ on some of the serum chemistry parameters (total protein, albumin, cholesterol, calcium). Further, decreased antioxidant functions in terms of level of peroxides, superoxide dismutase activity, and total antioxidant concentration in liver homogenate due to AFB1 were also alleviated by the inclusion of TMP, HSCAS, or both. The reduction in the severity of hepatic microscopic lesions due to supplementation of the AFB₁ diet with TMP and HSCAS demonstrated the protective action of the antioxidant and adsorbent used in the present study.

Key Words: aflatoxin B₁ • aluminosilicate • curcumin • broiler • turmeric