HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Color figures Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Oviedo-Rondón, E. O. Articles by Mann, K. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Oviedo-Rondón, E. O. Articles by Mann, K. M.

Effects of Incubator Temperature and Oxygen Concentration During the Plateau Stage of Oxygen Consumption on Turkey Embryo Long Bone Development¹

Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608

² Corresponding author: edgar_oviedo{at}ncsu.edu

Temperature (TEM) and O₂ concentrations during the plateau stage of oxygen consumption are known to affect yolk utilization, tissue development, and thyroid metabolism in turkey embryos. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate these incubation effects on long bone development. Fertile eggs of Nicholas turkeys were used. In each trial, standard incubation conditions were used to 24 d, when the eggs containing viable embryos were randomly divided into 4 groups. Four experimental cabinets provided 4 TEM (36, 37, 38, or 39°C) or 4 O₂ concentrations (17, 19, 21, or 23% O₂). In the third experiment, 2 temperatures (36 and 39°C) and 2 O₂ concentrations (17 and 23%) were evaluated in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Body and residual yolk weights were obtained. Both legs were dissected, and shanks, femur, and tibia weights, length, and thickness were recorded. Relative asymmetry of each leg section was calculated. Chondrocyte density was evaluated in slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the presence of collagen type X and transforming growth factor β. Hot TEM caused reduction of tibia weights and increase of shank weight when compared with cool TEM. The lengths of femur, tibia, and shanks were reduced by 39°C. The relative asymmetry of leg weights were increased at 38 and 39°C. Poult body and part weights were not affected by O₂ concentrations, but poults on 23% O₂ had bigger shanks and heavier tibias than the ones on 17% O₂. High TEM depressed the fluorescence of collagen type X and transforming growth factor β. The O₂ concentrations did not consistently affect the immunofluorescence of these proteins. The chondrocyte density was affected by TEM and O₂ in resting and hypertrophic zones. In the third experiment, high TEM depressed BW, leg muscle weights, and shank length. Low O₂ reduced tibia and shanks as a proportion of the whole body. We concluded that incubation conditions affect long bone development in turkeys.

Key Words: turkey • incubation • leg health • bone development

¹ The mention of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of the products mentioned nor criticism of similar products not mentioned.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. O. Oviedo-Rondon, M. J. Wineland, J. Small, H. Cutchin, A. McElroy, A. Barri, and S. Martin Effect of incubation temperatures and chick transportation conditions on bone development and leg health J. Appl. Poult. Res., December 1, 2009; 18(4): 671 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. O. Oviedo-Rondon, M. J. Wineland, S. Funderburk, J. Small, H. Cutchin, and M. Mann Incubation conditions affect leg health in large, high-yield broilers J. Appl. Poult. Res., January 1, 2009; 18(3): 640 - 646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]