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A possible role of chorion protease in shell membrane degradation during development of quail embryos

A. Iwasawa^*, K. M. Mao^*, S. Yasumasu and N. Yoshizaki^*,1

^* Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; and Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan

¹ Corresponding author: pflayer{at}gifu-u.ac.jp

In the eggs of the quail Coturnix japonica, the limiting membrane demarcates the shell membrane at the interface with the albumen and decreases in width during the hatching process. This study was done to identify agents that affect the width of this limiting membrane. Zymography tests on extracts from extraembryonic tissues, yolk sacs, or chorioallantoic membranes, or all three, showed proteolytic activities during d 4 to 10 of incubation. Localization experiments on these activities, performed on d 5 eggs, indicated that they were located in an avascular chorion. Electron microscopic analysis showed there were secretory cells specifically located in the avascular chorion. After partial purification of d 5 avascular chorion extracts using QA52 and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, the proteolytic activity of 20 kDa was isolated. The protease showed a high level of activity toward succinyl-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide. It had an optimal pH of 9 and digested the limiting membrane. These enzymatic activities were inhibited moderately by EDTA and strongly by leupeptin and aprotinin. It was concluded that it is the 20-kDa protease, showing collagenase-like activity produced by the avascular chorion, that affects the limiting membrane.

Key Words: chorion protease • avascular chorion • shell membrane • hatching • quail