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Genetic and phenotypic relationships between blood gas parameters and ascites-related traits in broilers

A. M. Closter^*,1, P. van As^*, M. A. M. Groenen^*, A. L. J. Vereijken, J. A. M. van Arendonk^* and H. Bovenhuis^*

^* Wageningen University, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, 6700 AG Wageningen, the Netherlands; and Hendrix Genetics BV, 5830 AC Boxmeer, the Netherlands

¹ Corresponding author: Ane-Marie.Closter{at}wur.nl

Ascites, also called pulmonary hypertension syndrome, is a metabolic disorder in chickens that have an insufficient pulmonary vascular capacity. The tendency of broilers to develop ascites is heritable, and successful selection against this susceptibility would benefit from good and easy-to-measure indicator traits. Blood gas parameters have been suggested as indicator traits for ascites susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the heritability of blood gas parameters and the genetic and phenotypic correlations between blood gas parameters, heart ratio (postmortem indicator for ascites), and BW at 2 different ages. For this purpose, blood gas parameters, including the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood (pvCO₂), the partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood (pvO₂), and blood oxygen saturation, were measured at an average age of 22 d in nearly 3,000 broilers. To challenge the resistance of the birds to ascites, they were kept under cold conditions. Heritability for heart ratio was 0.43, and the heritability estimates were low: 0.02 for pvCO₂, 0.03 for pvO₂, and 0.07 for blood oxygen saturation. The estimated heritability for pH was 0.15, for bicarbonate was 0.19, and for total carbon dioxide content was 0.19. The genetic correlations between heart ratio and total carbon dioxide content (0.31 ± 0.15) and between heart ratio and bicarbonate (0.31 ± 0.15) were moderate and positive. For pvO₂, the genetic correlation with heart ratio was stronger and negative (–0.62 ± 0.21); however, this correlation could not be estimated accurately because of the low heritability of pvO₂. For pvCO₂, the genetic correlation with the heart ratio was close to zero (–0.04 ± 0.45). Phenotypic correlations between traits were, in general, similar to the genetic correlations. Heritabilities for blood gas parameters and the genetic correlations between blood gas parameters and the heart ratio estimated in the present study do not support the suggestion that blood gas parameters measured during wk 3 or 4 are useful traits to select against the susceptibility for ascites.

Key Words: broiler • ascites • blood gas parameter • heritability • correlation