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Dietary arginine stimulates humoral and cell-mediated immunity in chickens vaccinated and challenged against hydropericardium syndrome virus

K. Munir^*,2,1, M. A. Muneer, E. Masaoud, A. Tiwari, A. Mahmud, R. M. Chaudhry^* and A. Rashid^#

^* Lahore Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories, Shadman, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada; Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, K2H 8P9, Canada; and ^# Banfield Hospital, Lawnside, NJ 08045

² Corresponding author: kmunir{at}upei.ca

The effects of dietary supplement of arginine on protective humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of broiler chicks vaccinated and challenged against hydropericardium syndrome virus (HPSV) were investigated and compared with those of 2 reference drugs (cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine). Percentage ratios of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus) to BW, postvaccination and challenge serum antibody responses to HPSV, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reaction, peripheral lymphoproliferation, postchallenge detection of HPSV in the tissues of infected birds, and ability of chicks to resist virulent HPSV challenge were the parameters utilized to determine the effects of arginine on protective immune responses of chicks. A total of 600 chicks were used in this study. Arginine-supplemented chicks showed significant (P < 0.05) stimulation of lymphoproliferation and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reactions compared with untreated control chicks. Similarly, significantly higher body and lymphoid organ weights were (P < 0.05) recorded in arginine-supplemented chicks compared with untreated control chicks. The highest survival rate was recorded in arginine-supplemented HPS-vaccinated chicks compared with immune-suppressed (cyclophosphamide- and cyclosporine-treated and HPS-vaccinated chicks) and untreated unvaccinated control chicks after virulent HPSV challenges. Postchallenge tissue samples from arginine-supplemented and HPS-vaccinated chicks yielded negligible HPSV detections by virus isolation in cell culture or PCR method, or both, compared with untreated control chicks. Thus, it was concluded that dietary supplementation of arginine had beneficial effects on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of broiler chicks against HPSV.

Key Words: arginine • antibody • cell-mediated immunity • broiler chick • hydropericardium syndrome virus

¹ Present address: Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.